R Language Notes

Explain aggregate() function.

by

The aggregate() function is used to aggregate data in R. There are two methods which are collapsing data by using one or more BY variable and other is an aggregate() function in which By variable should be in the list. In R, the aggregate() function is used to compute summary statistics for data subsets. It … Read more

The with() function applies an expression to a dataset, and the by() function applies a function to each level of factors.

by

The lapply is used to show the output in the form of the list, whereas sapply is used to show the output in the form of a vector or data frame. The statement is not entirely accurate. The with() function in R is used to evaluate an expression in an environment created by a data … Read more

What is the use of with() and by() functions in R?

by

The with() function applies an expression to a dataset, and the by() function applies a function to each level of factors. In R, the with() and by() functions serve different purposes: with() function: The with() function is used to simplify the syntax when working with data frames or lists. It allows you to refer to … Read more

What is the t-test() in R?

by

The t-test() function is used to determine that the mean of the two groups are equal or not. In R, the t.test() function is used to perform t-tests. A t-test is a statistical test that is used to compare the means of two groups and determine if there is a significant difference between them. The … Read more

Differentiate between library() and require() functions.

by

If the desired package cannot be loaded, then the library() function gives an error message and display while the required () function is used inside the function and throws a warning message whenever a particular package is not found. In R, both the library() and require() functions are used to load and attach packages, but … Read more