What is the difference between R-squared and adjusted R-squared?

R-squared measures the proportion of variation in the dependent variables explained by the independent variables. Adjusted R-squared gives the percentage of variation explained by those independent variables that in reality affect the dependent variable. R-squared (R2) and adjusted R-squared are both metrics used to evaluate the goodness of fit of a regression model. However, they … Read more

What is the difference between standardized and unstandardized coefficients?

The standardized coefficient is interpreted in terms of standard deviation while unstandardized coefficient is measured in actual values. In the context of regression analysis, standardized and unstandardized coefficients refer to different ways of expressing the relationship between variables. Unstandardized coefficients: These coefficients represent the change in the dependent variable for a one-unit change in the … Read more

Why is ‘naïve Bayes’ naïve?

It is naïve because it assumes that all dataset are equally important and independent, which is not the case in a real-world scenario. The term “naïve” in “naïve Bayes” refers to a simplifying assumption made by the algorithm regarding the independence of features. In other words, it assumes that the presence of a particular feature … Read more

What are the two main methods two detect outliers?

Box plot method: if the value is higher or lesser than 1.5*IQR (inter quartile range) above the upper quartile (Q3) or below the lower quartile (Q1) respectively, then it is considered an outlier. Standard deviation method: if value higher or lower than mean ± (3*standard deviation), then it is considered an outlier. The two main … Read more

What is the condition for using a t-test or a z-test?

T-test is usually used when we have a sample size of less than 30 and z-test when we have a sample test greater than 30. The decision to use a t-test or a z-test depends on certain conditions related to the data and the context of the analysis: Sample Size: If the sample size is … Read more