A binary Tree is a special type of generic tree in which, each node can have at most two children. Binary tree is generally partitioned into three disjoint subsets, i.e. the root of the node, left sub-tree and Right binary sub-tree.
A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child. These children are also nodes themselves, forming subtrees. The topmost node of the tree is called the root, and nodes with no children are called leaves.
Binary trees are commonly used in computer science for various applications such as representing hierarchical relationships, organizing data efficiently, and implementing algorithms like binary search.
There are different types of binary trees, including:
- Full Binary Tree: A binary tree in which every node other than the leaves has two children.
- Complete Binary Tree: A binary tree in which every level, except possibly the last, is completely filled, and all nodes are as far left as possible.
- Perfect Binary Tree: A binary tree in which all interior nodes have two children, and all leaves have the same depth or same level.
- Balanced Binary Tree: A binary tree in which the height of the two subtrees of any node never differs by more than one.
Binary trees can be traversed in several ways, including preorder, inorder, postorder, and level-order traversal. These traversal techniques are essential for accessing and processing the elements of the tree in various orders.